Alternately, see our generic, "quick start" guide: Entering Data in SPSS Statistics.
#How to run a chi square test in spss how to#
In our enhanced chi-square test for independence guide, we show you how to correctly enter data in SPSS Statistics to run a chi-square test for independence. In SPSS Statistics, we created two variables so that we could enter our data: Gender and Preferred_Learning_Medium. Therefore, we have two nominal variables: Gender (male/female) and Preferred Learning Medium (online/books). Note: In order to run a chi-square test in SPSS you should already have written a hypothesis statement. An educator would like to know whether gender (male/female) is associated with the preferred type of learning medium (online vs. Example problem: Run a chi square test in SPSS. However, different people learn in different ways. With current technology, it is possible to present how-to guides for statistical programs online instead of in a book. SPSS Statistics ExampleĮducators are always looking for novel ways in which to teach statistics to undergraduates as part of a non-statistics degree course (e.g., psychology).
First, we introduce the example that is used in this guide. In the section, Procedure, we illustrate the SPSS Statistics procedure to perform a chi-square test for independence.
Specifically, we demonstrate procedures for running two separate types of nonparametric chi-squares: The Goodness-of-Fit chi-square and Pearson’s chi-square (Also called the Test of Independence). Example independent variables that meet this criterion include gender (2 groups: Males and Females), ethnicity (e.g., 3 groups: Caucasian, African American and Hispanic), physical activity level (e.g., 4 groups: sedentary, low, moderate and high), profession (e.g., 5 groups: surgeon, doctor, nurse, dentist, therapist), and so forth. Chi-Square This section covers the steps for running and interpreting chi-square analyses using the SPSS Crosstabs and Nonparametric Tests. Assumption #2: Your two variable should consist of two or more categorical, independent groups.You can learn more about ordinal and nominal variables in our article: Types of Variable. Assumption #1: Your two variables should be measured at an ordinal or nominal level (i.e., categorical data).If it does not, you cannot use a chi-square test for independence. You need to do this because it is only appropriate to use a chi-square test for independence if your data passes these two assumptions. When you choose to analyse your data using a chi-square test for independence, you need to make sure that the data you want to analyse "passes" two assumptions. The chi-square test for independence, also called Pearson's chi-square test or the chi-square test of association, is used to discover if there is a relationship between two categorical variables. It can also be used to test the goodness-of-fit between an observed distribution and a theoretical distribution of frequencies.Chi-Square Test for Association using SPSS Statistics Introduction.χ 2 can be used to test whether two variables are related or independent from one another.
χ 2 depends on the size of the difference between actual and observed values, the degrees of freedom, and the samples size.Chi-square is useful for analyzing such differences in categorical variables, especially those nominal in nature.A chi-square ( χ 2) statistic is a measure of the difference between the observed and expected frequencies of the outcomes of a set of events or variables.
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